ISO 8501

Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Visual assessment of surface cleanliness

ISO 8501-1

Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after removal of previous coatings.

Written descriptions and photos of:

- Four levels of mill scale and rust: rust grades A, B, C, D

- Blast cleaning preparation grades Sa 1, Sa 2, Sa 2½, Sa 3 for the various rust grades, using quartz sand

- Hand tool and power tool cleaning grades St 2 & St 3 for rust grades B, C & D

- Flame cleaning grades Fl for the various rust grades

-  Example of the change of appearance imparted to steel when blast-cleaned with different abrasives (one photo showing rust grade C blast-cleaned to Sa 3 with 6 different abrasives)

ISO 8501-2

Preparation grades of previously coated steel surfaces after localized removal of previous coatings

- Localized blast cleaning: P Sa 2, P Sa 2½, P Sa 3

- Localized hand & power tool cleaning: P St 2, P St 3

- Localized machine abrading: P Ma

Seven sets of pictures showing four typical cases of very thorough localized blast cleaning (P Sa 2½) and three typical cases of localized machine abrading (P Ma). Each set consists of “before” and “after” photos of the same substrate, and includes items like welding seam, bracket and rivets.

ISO 8501-3

Preparation grades of welds, cut edges and other areas with surface imperfection

- P1 Light preparation

- P2 Thorough preparation

- P3 Very thorough preparation

ISO 8501-4

Initial surface conditions, preparation grades and flash rust grades in connection with high-pressure water jetting

Twenty-three photos showing:

Initial surface conditions

- DC A: coating system degraded to Ri3 (ISO 4628-3)

- DC B: coating system degraded to Ri4 (ISO 4628-3)

- DC C: coating system degraded to Ri5 (ISO 4628-3)

- DP I:  degraded iron oxide shop primer

- DP Z: degraded zinc silicate shop primer

Surface appearance after cleaning

- Wa 1:    Light high-pressure water jetting

- Wa 2:    Thorough high-pressure water jetting

- Wa 2½: Very thorough high-pressure water jetting

Flash rust grades

- L: Light flash rust

- M: Medium flash rust

- H: Heavy flash rust

ISO 8502

Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Tests for assessment of surface cleanliness

ISO 8502-2

Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned surfaces

Washings sampled from surfaces on site, determine by titration

ISO 8502-3

Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting (pressure sensitive tape method)

Sample the dust by means of adhesive tape and compare with pictorial references in the standard

ISO 8502-4

Guidance on the estimation of the probability of condensation prior to paint application

- Sling hygrometer

- Guidance on the estimation of the probability of condensation on a surface to be painted. May be used to establish whether conditions at the job site area are suitable for painting or not.

ISO 8502-6

Sampling of soluble impurities on surfaces to be painted – The Bresle method

Sampling using distilled water, adhesive patches and syringes

ISO 8502-9

Field method for the conductometric determination of water-soluble salts

Salt concentration determined via conductivity measurement (used together with Bresle sampling)

ISO 8503

Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates

Comparator for either grit or for shot

- FINE: equal to segment 1 and up to but excluding segment 2 (grit: 25-50 micr. / shot: 25-35 micr.)

- MEDIUM: equal to segment 2 and up to but excluding segment 3 (grit: 50-85 micr. / shot: 35-60 micr.)

- COARSE: equal to segment 3 and up to but excluding segment 4 (grit: 85-130 micr. / shot: 60-85 micr.)

- COARSER THAN COARSE: segment 4 and above (grit: above 130 micr. / shot: above 85 micr.)

ISO 8503-1

Specification and definition for ISO surface profile comparators for the assessment of abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces

ISO 8503-2

Method for the grading of surface profile of blast-cleaned steel – Comparator procedure

ISO 8503-3

Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile – Focusing microscope method

ISO 8503-4

Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile comparators and for determination of surface profile – Stylus instrument

ISO 8503-5

Replica tape method for the determination of surface profile

ISO 8504

Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Surface preparation methods

ISO 8504-1

General principles

ISO 8504-2

Abrasive blast-cleaning

ISO 8504-3

Hand- and power tool cleaning

Describes the principles and methods for the two types of cleaning.

ISO 12944

Paints and varnishes – Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paints systems

Part 1

General introduction

Introduction to the other parts

Establish “durability” ranges:

- Low (L): up to 7 years

- Medium (M): 7 years to 15 years

- High (H): 15 years to 25 years

- Very High (VH): more than 25 years

Part 2

Classification of environments (corrosivity)

- C1 very low

- C2 low

- C3 medium

- C4 high

- C5 very high 

- CX extreme

- Im1 Immersion in fresh water

- Im2 Immersion in sea or brackish water without cathodic protection

- Im3 buried in soil

- Im4 Immersion in sea or brackish water with cathodic protection

Part 3

Design considerations

Corrosion-traps, access, drainage, thermal bridges (risk of condensation), gaps, openings, crevices, sharp edges, notches

Part 4

Types of surfaces and surface preparation

- Water / solvent / chemical cleaning

- Mechanical / chemical / thermal surface preparation

- Preparation grades

- Surface profile

- Assessment of prepared surface

- Temporary protection (shopprimer)

- Preparation of existing metal coatings

Part 5

Protective paint systems

Eight tables listing possible paint systems for the different corrosivity categories when applied on low-alloy carbon steel, hot-dip galvanized steel and thermally sprayed metal surfaces.

Selection criteria:

- Generic types of paint

- Paint systems

- No. of coats

- Dry film thickness

- Expected durability

Part 6

Laboratory performance test methods

Test methods that are to be used when the performance of the paint system is to be assessed

Part 7

Execution and supervision of paint work

- Coating material (supply & storage)

- Execution of paint work (application conditions and methods, evaluation before work commences)

- Supervision of the paint work (at all stages, qualified & experienced people, test instruments, checking)

- Reference areas

Part 8

Development of specifications for new work and maintenance

- Definitions

- How to develop a spec

- Contents

- Project spec

- Protective paint system spec

- Paint work spec

- Inspection & assessment spec

Part 9

Protective paint systems and laboratory performance test methods for offshore and related structures

- Terms and definitions

- Field application

- Relationship between artificial ageing and natural exposure

- Paints

- Protective paint systems

- Application testing of paints

- Performance testing of paint systems

- Test report

ISO 11124

Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives

Part 1

General introduction and classification

Part 2

Chilled-iron grit

Part 3

High-carbon cast-steel shot and grit

Part 4

Low-carbon cast-steel shot

Part 5

Cut steel wire

ISO 11125

Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives

Part 1

Sampling

Part 2

Determination of particle size distribution

Part 3

Determination of hardness

Part 4

Determination of apparent density

Part 5

Determination of percentage defective particles and of microstructure

Part 6

Determination of foreign matter

Part 7

Determination of moisture

ISO 11126

Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Specifications for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives

Part 1

General introduction and classification

Part 3

Copper refinery slag

Part 4

Coal furnace slag

Part 5

Nickel refinery slag

Part 6

Iron furnace slag

Part 7

Fused aluminium oxide

Part 8

Olivine sand

Part 9

Staurolite

Part 10

Garnet

ISO 11127

Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives

Part 1

Sampling

Part 2

Determination of particle size distribution

Part 3

Determination of apparent density

Part 4

Assessment of hardness by a glass slide test

Part 5

Determination of moisture

Part 6

Determination of water-soluble contaminants by conductivity measurement

100 g abrasive + 100 ml water, shake 5 min, stand 1 hour, shake 5 min, conductivity measurement

Part 7

Determination of water-soluble chlorides

Part 8

Determination of abrasive mechanical properties

ASTM D 4940

Standard test method for conductimetric analysis of water soluble ionic contamination of blast cleaning abrasives

Checking abrasives for salt and oil contamination: 300 ml abrasive + 300 ml water, stir 1 min, stand 8 min, stir 1 min, conductivity measurement & visual for oil

ISO 2409

Paints and varnishes – Cross cut test

Six parallel cuts, another six more cuts at 90 degree angle:

- Up to 60 micr.: spacing 1 mm for hard substrate (e.g. metal)

- Up to 60 micr.: spacing 2 mm for soft substrate (e.g. wood)

- 61 to 120 micr.: spacing 2 mm for hard & soft substrate

- 121 to 250 micr.: spacing 3 mm for hard & soft substrate

adhesive tape pull-off

classify in accordance with table in standard

ISO 16276-2

Cross-cut testing and X-cut testing

Use cross cut as in ISO 2409

Use knife to make X-cut and rate from figures in standard 

ISO 4624

Paint and varnishes: Pull off test for adhesion

Glue on dolly, measure force to pull it off again with pull-off instrument

ISO 16276-1

Pull-off testing

Glue on dolly, measure force to pull it off again with pull-off instrument

ISO 29601

Paint and varnishes - Assesment of porosity in a dry film

Low-voltage pinhole detection

High -voltage spark testing

ASTM D 5162

Standard recommended practice – Discontinuity (Holiday) testing of non-conductive protective coating on metallic substrates

Test method A: Low voltage wet sponge

Test method B: High voltage spark tester

ASTM D 4752

Standard test method for: Measuring MEK resistance of ethyl silicate (inorganic) zinc-rich primers by solvent rub

50 double rubs with white cloth and MEK, smear indicate inadequate curing

ISO 4628

Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings – Designation of intensity, quantity and size of common type defects

Part 1

General principles and rating schemes

Part 2

Designation of degree of blistering

Part 3

Designation of degree of rusting

Part 4

Designation of degree of cracking

Part 5

Designation of degree of flaking

Part 6

Designation of degree of chalking

ISO 2808

Paint and varnishes – Determination of film thickness

Specifies a number of methods for measuring the thickness of organic coatings, both wet and dry film thickness

ASTM D 4138

Measuring dry film thickness by destructive means

Paint Inspection Gauge (PIG)